The Drone and Model Aircraft Code published in 2019 by the UK Civil Aviation Authority laid one of the first legal frameworks and guidance for people operating UAVs (Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles) in a commercial setting. This reduced the complicated rules and procedures, making it easier to fly small and light UAVs in many places.
UAVs, commonly referred to as drones, have revolutionised various industries, including the way that forensic investigations can be conducted for losses such as fires and road traffic collisions. These changes bring several benefits including safety and cost efficiencies. We share below some of the key benefits of using UAVs in our investigations.
Cost Effectiveness
Advances in technology, increased competition among manufacturers, and economies of scale have all contributed to lowering the costs of UAVs which in turn has made aerial surveys more affordable. The UAVs require very little maintenance, and their compact size means that the operational costs are minimal.
As Hawkins has several investigators that are qualified drone pilots, holding A2 Certificates of Competency (A2 CofC), as stipulated by our insurer, a dedicated drone operator is no longer required to attend separately, saving on costs.
Health and Safety
Aerial surveys conducted with UAVs are much safer for workers. This is especially important on sites where pedestrian access is severely obstructed or where there are serious health and safety risks. Examples of such scenarios for our experts include exploring asbestos scenes or inspecting buildings with structural instability.
The relative safety of UAVs is also reflected in the data published by the Government. Statistics from the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) show that in the 2022/23 financial year, 51% of all construction fatalities were a result of falls from height. In 2023/24, 36% of all workplace fatalities across all sectors were due to falls from height.
Retention of Evidence
UAV aerial surveys enable our experts to perform supplementary analysis even after the raw evidence has been destroyed due to external circumstances. For example, if a Forensic Architect needs to assess the adequacy of a fire-damaged building requiring demolition in terms of building design and its compliance with building regulations, Hawkins can forensically preserve this evidence in the form of a three-dimensional photogrammetric model during the pre-demolition period. This is achieved by taking sequential photographs using a fixed gimbal camera attached to the UAV. These photogrammetric models can be securely shared with our clients and cross-referenced with letters or court reports, easing communication between experts and clients.
Accessibility
UAVs can access areas that are hazardous or otherwise challenging to reach. Some areas have restricted access due to terrain, temperature or the presence of chemicals. Inspecting tall structures, bridges, or offshore platforms would otherwise require specialised equipment or scaffolding.
UAVs can fly close to these structures, capturing high-quality images without putting personnel at risk or requiring additional infrastructure.
An added benefit of photogrammetric surveys with UAVs over traditional LiDAR scanning methods is that we do not need to worry about obstructions or restricted ground-level line-of-sight. This means that we can present finer detail at the top of the building where a LiDAR scanner may otherwise struggle due to obstructions or sparse point density.
As technology continues to evolve, so does our approach to investigations. Our experts continuously monitor emerging technologies in the UAV industry and proactively innovate to enhance our service offerings.
About the Author
Inigo is an Associate in our Reigate office and uses his skills to expand and strengthen Hawkins’ offerings in Digital Forensic Services.
He developed and implemented a dedicated 3D Photogrammetric Modelling and Forensic Photogrammetry Service whereby he performs 3D modelling of retained forensic exhibits such as pipes, buildings, fire damaged electrical appliances and vehicles.
Inigo is also an A2 Certificate of Competence (A2CofC) certified UAV pilot and regularly assists clients with aerial surveys on cases relating to fires, structural failures, and personal injuries.
